Quotes on Funny Thoughts to Make You Smile

Have you ever had a funny thought pop into your brain? Maybe you put a couple of things together and realized it told a truth in a quirky way. Our brains often have a natural comedian deep inside and you might even make yourself laugh. Then when you stop and think about thinking, things start getting a little weird. Famous thinkers and witty people might seem to have more funny thoughts, but we have the benefit of only seeing their really good material. You might be inspired by a humorous remark, or hearing about an incident that causes you to giggle. Share your funny thoughts with others and see how you create a riot of laughter around you. If you need some help, read these funny thoughts of well-known people. Will Rogers Everything is funny, as long as its happening to somebody else.   Robert  Frost The brain a wonderful organ.  It starts working the moment you get up in the morning and does not stop until you get into the office. Charles Schulz Sometimes I lie awake at night, and I ask, Where have I gone wrong? Then a voice says to me, This is going to take more than one night. Friedrich Nietzsche All things are subject to interpretation whichever interpretation prevails at a given time is a function of power and not  truth. Miguel de Cervantes Sanity may be madness but the maddest of all is to see life as it is and not as it should be. Norm Papernick Those who can laugh without cause have either found the true meaning of happiness or have gone stark raving mad. Ethel Barrymore You grow up the day you have your first real laugh — at yourself.   Reba McEntire To succeed in life, you need three things: a wishbone, a backbone, and a funnybone.   Isaac Asimov People who think they know everything are a great annoyance to those of us who do. Abraham Lincoln No man has a good enough memory to be a successful liar. Oscar Wilde The public is wonderfully tolerant. It forgives everything except genius. The public have an insatiable curiosity to know everything, except what is worth knowing.   Victor Borge Santa Claus has the right idea - visit people only once a year. Edward Gibbon Beauty is an outward gift which is seldom despised, except by those to whom it has been refused. Quentin Crisp The trouble with children is that theyre not returnable. George Bernard Shaw Love is a gross exaggeration of the difference between one person and everybody else. Joe Namath Until I was thirteen, I thought my name was shut up. Mark Twain While the rest of the species is descended from apes, redheads are descended from cats. Ogden Nash Middle age is when youve met so many people that every new person you meet reminds you of someone else. The Cable Guy You know what the trouble about real life is? Theres no danger music.

Culture and Cultural Adaptation Essay - 913 Words

To what extent are you convinced by Tange’s (2005) position regarding cultural adaptation? Introduction It is widely known that in the period of globalization more and more people face the issue of intercultural communication. Communication for two people from different cultures is very challenging to some extent. The notion of culture is very sophisticated. In addition, many studies have been conducted which indicate that every person to some degree experiences ‘culture shock’. Culture shock itself depends on several factors, namely the distance between cultures, type of personality and previous experiences in intercultural communication. This essay considers the work of Danish teacher of intercultural communication Hanne Tange (Tange†¦show more content†¦Finally, Tange pointed out that companies could benefit more by stationing employees in a foreign country at least for two or three years. Evaluation Several studies exist which provide some model of acculturation (Lysgaard 1955; Hofstede 2001). To the large extent the presented models of cultural adaptation are similar. Tange’s study is no exception. The difference between them could be primarily the chosen methodology. In order to obtain a relatively comprehensive knowledge of cultural adaptation, the approach which combines qualitative method with quantitative should be taken. One obvious weakness of Tange’s is the methodology taken. Her argument relies too heavily on qualitative analysis of data. Moreover, only seven individuals in comparison Lysgaard’s more than 200 interviewees cannot represent the majority people, that is it is not convincible. Therefore, by means of raising the number of interviewees this work could be more reliable. Another limitation of her study as she acknowledges, is an absence of any recording of her discourses. First of all, there is every likelihood that Tange could intentionally or not omit important parties of the conversation and it resulted in the misrepresented overall picture. In addition, without some relevant quotations of her interviewees, it is difficult to perceive exact meaning. Moreover, she did not provide information concerningShow MoreRelatedCulture Shock And Cultural Adaptation1402 Words   |  6 PagesCulture shock is generally describes the uneasiness, stress as well as anxiety an individual feels when they encounter an unfamiliar cultural background, as a result of loosing familiar cues along with meanings associated with behavior and communication. Culture shock is thus an experience that happens to a person in every sphere of life when they face different lifestyles and world perceptions whether with regards to education, health or jobs among others. While residents or natives may take forRead MoreThe U Curve Model Of Adaptation1623 Words   |  7 Pagesof adapting cultural values among Africans migrants in China. The results of the analysis points out the process of adaptation followed by the influencing factors of adaptation and finally the challenges faced in the process of adaptation. By using the U-curve model of adaptation, which explained the four stages of adaptation (honeymoon, crisis, recovery, and adjustment), the study is based on the assumption that Africans migrants follow the same process and/or stages of adaptation. The U-curveRead MoreForeign Students And Other Socio Cultural Contexts Essay1363 Words   |  6 PagesAt present there is a growing volume of students who migrate from one Culture to another, which represents a phenomenon that requires understanding the process Of adaptation or acculturation to the different socio-cultural contexts. I will begin by defining the term foreign students, it refers to Individuals who reside voluntarily and temporarily in a country that is not their own in order to participate in the international educational exchange, intending to Return to their country of originRead MoreCultural Adaptation And Change : A New World1020 Words   |  5 Pagesto adapt to their new world, cultures also need to adapt and change to things that are new in a society. This paper will argue the importance for cultures to adapt to changes as well as comparing two authorities on adaptation and change. Cultural Adaption and Change Cultural adaptation and change happens when you are introduced into a new culture therefore needing or having to adapt to the new environment. Another way is when new technology, medicine or other culture is introduced and the majorityRead MoreEssay about Understanding Culture820 Words   |  4 PagesCulture, is defined by Merriam-Websters Online Dictionary, as the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon mans capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. People learn about culture through interaction rather than through the memorization of a text. To become fluent in any one culture you have to experience it and become involved. There are many ways that a culture can be shared among people without them being fluent in itRead MoreA Research Article Written By Richard Hartshorne And Jennifer Baucom1188 Words   |  5 PagesHartshorne and Jennifer Baucom (2007), entitled, â€Å"Issues Affecting Cross-Cultural Adap tation of International Graduate Students Richard,† published at the Multicultural Learning and Teaching Journal, the issues or challenges that international graduate students related to cross-cultural adaption were investigated. The main idea of the study was that international students need to cope and adjust themselves to a new culture in order to make their learning experiences more meaningful, and in orderRead MoreTranscultural Psychiatry : How Culture Influences Presentations Of Mental Disorders1660 Words   |  7 PagesTranscultural psychiatry studies how culture influences presentations of mental disorders and response to treatment. The understanding of concepts in transcultural psychiatry is crucial for psychiatrists in training in the UK, given the multicultural and multi-ethnic nature of UK society. One of the pioneers of transcultural psychiatry, or â€Å"comparative psychiatry† as it used to be called, was Emil Kraepelin. In 1904, he travelled to Southeast Asia to study the local population and developed hisRead MoreThe Understanding Of An Individual Culture Background1370 Words   |  6 Pages We know that culture intelligence is related to cross-culture competence. The understanding of an individual culture background. My key objective is that people fail to adjust to understand new cultures, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspect of other cultures. Before anyone goes to a foreign country for a new job, living or visiting, we should educate ourselves before taking that journey. We know going to another country can be scary, but we can learn new things from them and they can learnRead MoreCultural Shock Essay1234 Words   |  5 PagesCultural shock is the reaction to cultural differences after moving to a foreign country. It can be triggered by differences in food, social customs, and language. The four phases of cultural shock are the honeymoon, rejection, regression, and adjustment phases (Levine). The honeymoon phase is characterized by an excitement for new surroundings. During the rejection phase, frustration replaces the excitement; inconvenient cultural differences become more noticeable, and adjustment is difficult. TheRead MoreThe Understanding Of An Individual Culture Background1334 Words   |  6 Pages We know that culture intelligence is related to cross-culture competence. The understanding of an individual culture background. My key objective is that people fail to adjust to understand new cultures, behavioral, cognitive, and motivational aspect of other cultures. Before anyone goes to a foreign country for a new job, living or visiting, we should educate ourselves before taking that journey. We know going to another country can be scary, but we can learn new things from them and they can learn

Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Limited

Question: Discuss about the Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Limited. Answer: Introduction The legal notion and definition of a company has undergo tremendous change with time as modifications have been made to both legislative and judicial definition of a company. In the judicial interpretation of a company and the following statutes, one case that manages to stand out is the Saloman v Saloman Co Ltd 1897 AC 22 (hl). This case can be considered as the founder of the modern company law as it established one of the central tenets which resolve about the limited liability of the company which is essentially a separate legal entity different from the underlying owners. Before reflecting on the key principles identified in the Solomon case, it is worthwhile to revisit some relevant facts of this historic case (Forji, 2007). Aron Solomon operated his merchant business under the sole proprietor business structure and dealt with leather boots manufacturing. Since, his son took keen interest in the business, he changed the business structure to a limited company which was named Salomon Co. Ltd. At the time, a limited company required atleast seven members or shareholders. As a result, Solomon formed a company with a total of 20,007 shares out of which 20,001 were owned by Solomon and the remaining six shareholders (i.e. his spouse and children) held one share each. The business was sold for a consideration of 39,000 which included a debt payable to Solomon to the tune of 10,000. Thus, this represented an interesting situation where the main shareholder also was acting as the primary creditor.The liquidators later argued that the underlying debentures issued to secure the debt were not valid and hence Solomon was accused of committing a fraud (Cassidy, 2007). The matter landed in court with the court ruling that company creation was to facilitate business transfer only and hence it is an agent for the principal (Solomon), thus holding him liable to pay the outstanding debt of unsecured creditors. The Court of Appeal (CoA) also endorsed the stance taken by the court advocating that company structure was only a means to ensure business activities could be conducted while ensuring protection under limited liability clause available under a company(Harris, 2014).. But the decision taken by the CoA was quashed by the House of Lords which reflected on the literal interpretation of 1862 Companies Act and opined that the act does not have any condition for the minority shareholders and the majority shareholders to be independent of each other(Harris, 2015). Further, it was also opined that judges should not reflect upon the statute limitations and instead implement the same in their existing form. Thus, this verdict in the Solomon case clearly es tablished that the corresponding rights and obligations for members in respect of shares is limited to only the profit share and investment of capital respectively (Parker et. al., 2012). Doctrine Of Seperate Legal Entity It is apparent from the above case verdict that one central tenet that this case developed was that the company needs to be considered as a separate legal which is distinguished from the owners or shareholders and thus particular rule has stood the test of time and in relation to the Anglo-Saxon courts continues till the present day. Since the company is an independent entity, hence for the various actions and decision, only it would be held responsible and not the corresponding agents. This has been highlighted in the Gas Lighting Improvement Co Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1923] AC 723where Lord Sumner delivered the following commentary (Baxt, Fletcher Friedman, 2008). Between the investor, who participates as a shareholder, and the undertaking carried on, the law interposes another person, real though artificial, the company itself, and the business carried on is the business of that company, and the capital employed is its capital and not in either case the business or the capital of the shareholders. Assuming, of course, that the company is duly formed and is not a shamthe idea that it is mere machinery for affecting the purposes of the shareholders is a laymans fallacy. It is a figure of speech, which cannot alter the legal aspect of the facts. A case in the Australian context which reaffirms the above principle is the MacLaine Watson Co Ltd v Department of Trade and Industry [1989] 3 All ER 523 case in which it was opined that a key aspect which has contributed to the creation of logical symmetry in industrial feudalism is that the various industrial enterprises need to be treated as legal entities akin to individuals. This principle has immense support both from the legislators but also from the judges in various nations that follow the Anglo-Saxon system (Australia being one of them). Consequently, this principle has been explicitly outlined in Corporations Act 2001 in the Section 124 and thus providing it statutory backing. Further, even since the Solomon case, this particular doctrine has received quite an immense support from the judges based on Australian and UK who tend to apply this quite widely (Cassidy, 2013). Another doctrine established by this case is that the liabilities of shareholders in accordance with common law is limited to the only the capital investment made initially and thus these must not be held liable for any debts outstanding or defaulted by the company. This principle has been endorsed in the The King v Portus; ex parte Federated Clerks Union of Australia [1949] HCA 53; 79 CLR 428case where the judge opined that the as the company and the owners are two different entities and hence the obligations arising from the actions taken on the name of the company would have to be directly borne by the company only and not be the shareholders or employees (Li and Riley, 2009). Theoretical Basis Seperate Legal Entity Considering the wide application and popularity of the personification of the company, it makes sense to critically analyze the theoretical and practical basis for the same which hints at the underlying usefulness of this concept. The various theories dealing with corporate entity tend to extend the need that companies must be given artificial personality for practical reasons. The concession theorists opine that the state has given a privilege in the form of corporate personality which tends to enhance the overall convenience in business and legal terms (Pathinayake. 2014). The contractarian viewpoint in this regard debates that there is a reduction in transaction costs brought about by the corporation law as the underlying corporate charter tends to provide for all those rights which a reasonable shareholder would insist on. This understanding forms the very basis of corporate law and is endorsed by various aggregate theorists, Together these theorists are extremely appreciative of the critical part that the Salomon principle plays in identification of corporation as a legal entity and thus providing it with the power to enter into contractual relationship with the outsiders for the performance of business activities (Forji, 2007). Practical Basis Seperate Legal Entity The utility of the Solomon principle is not limited to the theoretical underpinnings but is equally endorsed by the practitioners of the corporate law. It is imperative that providing the company a legal entity and distinguishing the same from the shareholders serves a crucial function of ensuring the business is not constructed around human beings(Cirto Symes, 2013). The main reason for this that the duration of the human being typically is limited and short unlike that of the organizations which are potentially set up to survive till eternity and thus are permanent in nature. In line with s. 124, a company is essentially an artificial person and thus the underlying form is metaphysical and not physical (Parker et. al., 2012). Further, law has also permitted the company to perform various functions that an individual could have performed such as entering into contracts, taking loans and being responsible to the various parties for the conduct. The only difference is that while an i ndividual can perform the above functions on his/her own while the same is not feasible for a company which takes and enacts decisions through the agents which refer to the management and employees (Lipton, 2015). The various powers of the company along with the relevant cases are as listed below (Forji, 2007). Power to sue a particular party and to be sued by other (Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189) Continuous and perpetual succession for the corporation (Regal (Hastings) Ltd v Gulliver [1942] UKHL 1) Power to execute contracts with various parties (Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd. [1925] AC 619) Additionally, limited liability upheld through Solomon principle ensures the minimization of costs associated with control and ownership separation. This is because under the limited liability of shareholders and stakeholders, there is a reduced need to monitor the various shareholders along with the management. Also, the transfer of shares in the entity facilitated by limited liability tends to act as an potent management incentive for improving upon their performance. Further, through the aegis of limited liability, shares become tradable and marketable which owing to increased trading and corresponding market transactions leads to better information sharing about the financial performance and corporate decision making. Besides, diversification of share holdings is also made possible through limited liability (Lipton, 2015). Criticism Exceptions Seperate Legal Entity While the above discussion highlights the utility of the Solomon principles in reality, however, the verdict also has faced criticism from various quarters. In wake of these concerns, it is imperative that the Solomon principle need not be applied rigidly but with enough flexibility so as not to shield the parties with wrong intentions. If the legal personification of company is applied without taking into consideration the case facts and the underlying intent of the shareholders, it is quite possible that the demerits of this clause may outweigh the various merits identified above. As a result, in limited circumstances the courts tend to keep aside the immunity offered by limited liability and tend to pierce the corporate veil so as to fix the accountability of the actions taken in the name of the company by the relevant shareholders or management personnel (Baxt, Fletcher Fridman, 2008). There are various circumstances in which the Solomon principle may be overlooked. One of these is fraud which takes place in cases when the shareholders take to company formation only as a means to bypass the legal or fiduciary obligations which it already owed to the various parties particularly creditors (Cassidy, 2013). A relevant case in this regard is the Re Edelsten ex parte Donnelly (1998) 18 FCR 434case whereby the court had to decide if corporation formation was prompted with the sole motive of denying payments to the creditors taking the shield of limited liability. The general accepted principle is that higher conspicuousness associated with the sham tends to increase the possibility of the court ruling that there has been fraud. The honorable judge opined the following in this case (Forji, 2007). The argument of fraud is, of course circular. It can only succeed if the argument ofsham succeeds, because if no property was acquired by, or devolved upon, Edelsten, no duty capable of being evaded could arise under the ActThe submission that the VIP Group had been used to perpetrate a fraud was coincident, and stood, or fell, with the submissions which sought to have the transactions, by which the VIP Group acquired property, treated as shams. For separate legal entity principle to be upheld, it is essential that the entity formed as a company should not be a mere agent for the shareholders acting in the capacity of the principal. In such cases, it is quite possible that the corporate veil may be pierced by the court in order to determine the true centre of control. This was the case in Barrow v CSR Ltd in which the court realized that the subsidiary firm was under the complete and direct control of the parent firm and hence lifted the corporate veil. The court argument is summarized below (Forji, 2007). Now, whether one defines all of the above in terms of agency, and in my view it is, or control, or whether one says that there was a proximity between CSR and the employees of ABA, or whether one talks in terms of lifting the corporate veil, the effect is, in my respectful submission, the same. However, there is reluctance on the part of the courts to apply the same in case of small companies as is apparent from the verdict of the Ampol Petroleum Pty Ltd v Findlay case. Besides, where a judicial question is involved to ascertain whether any agency relationship was present or not, the court tend to be a little reluctant in piercing the veil as is apparent from The Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Limited v Cormack (1911) 11 NSWSR 350 case ( Pathinayake, 2014). Another ground on which the corporate veil may be lifted is with regard to cases where the court is of the opinion the veil lifting would help in bringing about a more fair and just decision as highlighted in the RMS Glazing Pty Ltd v The Proprietors of Strata Plan No 14442 case. Further, veil lifting is also done in cases of group enterprises where it may not be possible to distinguish between the parent firm and the subsidiary as highlighted in the Bluecorp Pty Ltd v ANZ Executors and Trustee Co Ltd (supra) (1995) 18 ACSR 566 case (Lipton, 2015). Conclusion Thus, it may be concluded from the above discussion that the principles laid down in the Solomon case laid the foundation of modern company law and continue to have immense utility even after more than a century has passed away. However, owing the fraudulent use of this principle in order to minimize their liability or to put disproportionate risk burden on the end of the creditors and lenders, it is essential that courts need to maintain a delicate equilibrium so that the shareholders do not indulge in frivolous use of the protection provided. In this regard, it would not be prudent to include this into any statute but rather let the courts decide on the basis of the individual merits of the case. Also, the corporate veil lifting is in a transition stage in most of the Anglo Saxon jurisdictions and it is expected that the English and Australian courts would prove to be an apt harbinger in this regard and lead by example that could be considered as precedents. References Baxt, R., Fletcher, K.L. Fridman, S. (2008). Corporations and Associations Cases and Materials (10th ed.). Butterworths: LexisNexis Australia. Cassidy, J. (2013). Corporations Law Text and Essential Cases (4th ed.). Sydney: Federation Press. Ciro, T. Symes, C. (2013). Corporations Law in Principle (9th ed.). Sydney: LBC Thomson Reuters. Fisher, S. Anderson, C. Dickfos, (2009). Corporations Law - Butterworths Tutorial Series (3rd ed.). Butterworths, Sydney: LexisNexis Australia. Forji, A.G. 2007, The Veil Doctrine in Company Law, LLRX Website, [Online] Available at https://www.llrx.com/2007/09/the-veil-doctrine-in-company-law/ [Accessed April 24, 2017] Harris, J. (2014). Corporations Law (2nd ed.). Sydney: LexisNexis Study Guide. Harris, J., Hargovan, A. Adams, M. (2015). Australian Corporate Law (5th ed.). Melbourne: LexisNexis Butterworths Australia. Li, G. Riley, S. (2009). Applied Corporate Law: A Bilingual Approach (1st ed.). Sydney: LexisNexis Australia. Lipton, P. 2015 The Mythology of Salomons Case and the Law Dealing with the Tort Liabilities of Corporate Groups: An Historical Perspective, Monash University Law Review, Vol. 40 No.2, pp. 452-487 Parker, Clarke, Veljanovski, Posthouwer, (2012). Corporate Law (1st ed.). South Yarra : Palgrave Machmillan Pathinayake, A. (2014). Commercial and Corporations Law (2nd ed.). Sydney :Thomson-Reuters. Bluecorp Pty Ltd v ANZ Executors and Trustee Co Ltd (supra) (1995) 18 ACSR 566 Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189 Gas Lighting Improvement Co Ltd v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1923] AC 723 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd. [1925] AC 619 MacLaine Watson Co Ltd v Department of Trade and Industry [1989] 3 All ER 523 Re Edelsten ex parte Donnelly (1998) 18 FCR 434 Regal (Hastings) Ltd v Gulliver [1942] UKHL 1 RMS Glazing Pty Ltd v The Proprietors of Strata Plan No 14442 Saloman v Saloman Co Ltd 1897 ac 22 (hl) The Electric Light and Power Supply Corporation Limited v Cormack (1911) 11 NSWSR 350 The King v Portus; ex parte Federated Clerks Union of Australia [1949] HCA 53; 79 CLR 428

Toyota Sales Operations Planning free essay sample

Introduction The Company chosen for Operations Management Case Study in this report is Toyota Motor Corporation. It was discovered during Initial group discussion that Toyota is a strongly grounded corporation with its par excellence acclaimed production system. One of our team member had also been closely associated with this corporation; and could back up our research with her practical work experience. Moreover, since Toyota Production System (TPS) is a great reason of Toyota’s globalised success, the group researches further on different dimensions of its strong Operations Management philosophies and concepts as a School of learning. Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the leading global automobile manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. This multinational corporation consists of 333,498 employees globally as of March 2013. Toyota was judged to be the largest manufacturer in the year 2012 with respect to production volume and it reported its 200- millionth vehicle produced in July 2012. As per the financial results of TMC for the fiscal year 2012-13, it reported Net Revenue of US$ 216. We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Sales Operations Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 7 Billion, Operating Income of US$13 billion Net Income of US$9.47 Billion. Toyota has factories in most parts of the world, manufacturing or assembling vehicles for local markets. Toyota has manufacturing or assembly plants in Japan, Australia, India, Sri Lanka, Canada, Indonesia, Poland, South Africa, Turkey, Colombia, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Brazil, Portugal, and more recently, Argentina, Czech Republic, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan, Egypt, China, Vietnam, Venezuela, the Philippines, and Russia. Toyotas philosophy evolves from the companys origins and has reflects in its famously developed terms ‘Lean Manufacturing’ and ‘Just In Time Production’. Toyotas managerial values and business methods are also collectively known as the Toyota Way. Toyota adopted the Toyota Way 2001 in April 2001. It is a manifestation of values and conduct guidelines for all Toyota employees to be followed. Many believe the company’s achievement stems from its dedication to customer satisfaction. Toyota is a typical example of how Japanese industry succeeded. Although it is often conservative in design and not very creative in bringing new ideas, its special attention to build quality and reliability wins customer confidence gradually. Its emphasis on technology development and production efficiency results in up-to-date products and good value for money. Thats why its cars  capture a lot of brains if not hearts. Nevertheless, in recent years Toyota starts getting more creative no matter in design and technology. Examples are Pruis and iQ. Hopefully it will be even stronger in the future.

Renaissance in Italy essays

Renaissance in Italy essays In part three of Jacob Burckhardts book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, he writes that the Italian Renaissance was shaped by ..not the revival of antiquity alone, but its union with the spirit of the people... The spirit of the Italian people refers to the way Italians as a group, shared the enthusiasm for antiquity. Burckhardt formulates that this enthusiasm was because the Italians viewed antiquity as a symbol of past greatness. The Middle Ages had brought about much war and corruption in both the Church and secular society. Therefore, the Revival of antiquity, developed in part to find a way to improve society. Italy lay where an ancient society had prospered and triumphed, and thus, Italians looked to Ancient Rome for answers of how to improve their own society. Italy was full of ancient monuments and documents and thus Italians had easy access to the past. The Latin language of Ancient Rome was also easily learned by Italians, which gave them a unified tool to open the past. So, it was the special circumstances of Italy that provided the Italian people with their great enthusiasm to learn and understand the ancients and their way of life. With their new knowledge of the past, a new dilemma arose. Much of the documents and other writings found did not correspond with the Churchs beliefs and practices. As most of Europe adhered to the Church, this was a problem. So, many people set to work, trying to combine the great new knowledge recently found, with the ideas of the Church. Also as a result of the revival of antiquity, came a new interest in rhetoric, grammar, philology and literary criticism. As more people studied the classics, they came to a better understanding the Latin and Greek language, which produced an array of people writing their own works in Latin and/or Greek. These letters were written following new grammatical and rhetorical rules that were ...

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe

How to Make a Benzoic Acid Snow Globe Its fun and easy to make your own snow globe using water and snow made from glitter or crushed egg shells, but you can use chemistry to make crystal snow that looks a lot more like the real thing. Snow is made from crystals of water. In this project, you precipitate crystals of benzoic acid, which has the advantage of not melting at room temperature. Heres how you make the snow globe: Snow Globe Materials baby food jar or ointment jar (~4 oz)1 g benzoic acidwaterbeaker or pyrex measuring cuphot plate or microwave or coffee makerstirring rod or spoonhot glue gundecoration to glue to the bottom of the snow globe, like a small plastic toyforceps or tweezerselectrical tape (optional) Assemble the Snow Globe There are a couple of ways to do this. There is my do-it-at-home method and then what you might want to do in a lab. Lets start with the lab instructions...In a 250 ml flask, stir 1 g benzoic acid into 75 ml of water.Heat the solution to dissolve the benzoic acid. You do not need to boil the water.Alternatively, you can measure 75 ml (5 tablespoons) of water that you heated in a microwave or coffee maker. Dissolve the benzoic acid in the hot water.Put down a bead of hot glue on the inside of the jar lid (or you can put it on the bottom of a clean, dry jar if you dont plan to invert the sealed jar).Use tweezers or forceps to position your decoration in the glue.While the glue is cooling, take a look at your benzoic acid solution. As it approaches room temperature, the benzoic acid will precipitate out of solution to form snow. The rate of cooling affects the snow. Slow cooling produces fine crystals. Quick cooling produces something more like snowballs than snowflakes.Pour the room-te mperature benzoic acid solution into the glass jar. Fill the jar as full as possible with water. Air pockets will cause the benzoic acid to form clumps.Put the lid on the jar. If desired, seal the jar with hot glue or electrical tape.Gently shake the jar to see the pretty snow! How the Snow Works Benzoic acid doesnt readily dissolve in room temperature water, but if you heat the water the solubility of the molecule is increased (similar to dissolving sugar in water to make rock candy). Cooling the solution causes the benzoic acid to precipitate back into solid form. Slow cooling of the solution allows the benzoic acid to form prettier, more snow-like flakes than if you had simply mixed benzoic acid powder with water. The cooling rate of water into ice affects how real snow appears, too. Safety Tips Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in food, so as chemicals go it is pretty safe. However, pure benzoic acid can be very irritating to skin and mucous membranes (heres an MSDS for you). Also, it can be toxic if large quantities are ingested. So... wear gloves and eye protection when preparing your solution. Excess solution can be washed down the drain (can neutralize it with baking soda first if you like). I wouldnt recommend this project for very young children. It should be fine for grade school kids with adult supervision. Its mainly intended as a fun project for teens and adults. The snow globe is not a toy- you dont want young children taking it apart and drinking the solution.

Trends in Cybercrime IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Trends in Cybercrime IT - Essay Example Cyber crime is a serious issue that has caused many people to suffer. Until the year 2000 it was not considered as a crime punishable by law until it intensified and companies and individuals also including many government organizations became victims of cyber criminals and lost millions of dollars and data. Until now steps are being implemented to control cyber crimes and awareness is being spread by government to refrain people from becoming cyber criminals intentionally or unintentionally. Cyber crimes are the easiest to commit as this requires no physical skills and you can easily hide your identity without anyone knowing it might be your best friend. During the years cyber crimes kept changing it forms. First there were little viruses sent by emails that would infect a person’s computer and cause them to lose data and when antivirus programs came to their aid people began to develop ways to hack into other peoples and organizations computers to steal or manipulate their data. After playing such small games these cyber criminals became organized and started to think big and they developed ways to actually harm people in far serious ways. Cyber criminals devised ways to extort money from people posing as law enforcers to their aid. A cyber criminal ‘s profile in most of the crimes are still unknown as people make multiple accounts using fake identities or stealing other people’s accounts or their identities to carry on their unlawful activities. As the internet facilitates by connecting people through many ways where there is no physical interaction between the people involved, a man can easily pose as a woman and create a fake identity without the other person knowing who is actually behind the scene. Cyber criminals usually operate from places where they are not easily traceable and with the development of new software that enable to hide your IP it has become easier. The cyber criminals who were managed to get caught turned out to be mostly people of advanced computer knowledge. Internet scams or cyber crime has now taken many different forms. â€Å"A company managed to rob people totaling more than $53,000 by asking them to pay for shipping of their free samples that they never received (IC3, Internet